Celiac Disease & Gluten Sensitivity

Although the best-known (but not necessarily most common) symptoms of celiac disease include smelly diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss and fatigue, celiac can affect just about every system in your body, including your skin, your hormones and your bones and joints.

People with celiac disease might suffer from constipation instead of diarrhea, experience weight gain instead of weight loss and endure heartburn instead of stomach pain. They might also have absolutely no symptoms at all, or they might appear at their doctor's office with one seemingly unrelated symptom, such as unexplained anemia.

In fact, it's doubtful that there's a truly "typical" case of celiac disease; the condition affects too many body systems in too many different ways.

It also affects women, men and children in different ways:

Celiac Disease Symptoms in Women
Celiac Disease Symptoms in Men
Celiac Disease Symptoms in Children

Because every person exhibits celiac disease symptoms differently, it's also a very difficult condition for doctors to diagnose correctly. In fact, although celiac disease awareness and diagnosis rates appear to be improving, in years past the typical American celiac patient could go for up to ten years without a diagnosis, in some cases despite debilitating symptoms.

Of course, keep in mind that all of these potential celiac disease symptoms can be caused by other medical conditions, possibly including non-celiac gluten sensitivity, which is thought to be a separate condition. That's another major reason this diagnosis is so difficult to make. The only way you can tell for certain that you have celiac disease is to have an intestinal biopsy that shows villous atrophy.

Once you're diagnosed with celiac, it's for life. To avert long-term complications, which can include certain cancers, you must follow a strict gluten-free diet. However, the good news is that following a strict gluten-free diet generally resolves most or all of your symptoms.

In fact, while you'd expect the diet to resolve your gastrointestinal symptoms -- and in most cases it will -- it's actually very common for you to experience marked improvement in other, minor ailments you never would have imagined were related to celiac disease.

Here's a breakdown of celiac disease symptoms and related conditions, categorized by the body system they affect.

Gastrointestinal Symptoms of Celiac Disease

Not everyone who's diagnosed with celiac disease experiences gastrointestinal symptoms, but many do. For example, one study found such symptoms in about three-quarters of people with new diagnoses.

Chronic diarrhea is one hallmark symptom of celiac disease, and appears to affect half or more of those newly diagnosed. Frequently, the diarrhea is watery, smelly and voluminous, and floats rather than sinking.

However, a significant minority of people with celiac disease tend to have constipation rather than diarrhea, and some alternate between the two.

In addition, other gastrointestinal symptoms can appear. For example, flatulence and excessive gas is common, as is abdominal bloating (many people describe themselves as looking "six months pregnant"). It's also common to have abdominal pain, which can be severe at times.

Additional gastrointestinal symptoms of celiac disease include heartburn and reflux (potentially with a diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease), nausea and vomiting, and lactose intolerance. Undiagnosed celiacs sometimes develop pancreatitis or gallbladder disease.

In addition, not everyone loses weight as an undiagnosed celiac. In fact, many people find they gain weight prior to diagnosis. Some people report being absolutely unable to shed excess pounds, no matter how much they diet and exercise. In my experience of corresponding with readers and others, weight gain or being overweight frequently is coupled with constipation as the primary gastrointestinal symptom.